Grave’s Disease

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid, causing it to produce more thyroid hormone than the body needs. This excess hormone speeds up the body’s metabolism and affects many body systems.

Graves’ disease can affect anyone, but it is most common in women under age 40. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most patients can manage the condition effectively and live healthy lives.

  • Graves’ disease is caused by an abnormal immune response in which the body produces antibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs). These antibodies bind to the thyroid gland and mimic the action of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), leading to excess hormone production.

    Although the exact reason this autoimmune response occurs is not fully understood, risk factors may include:

    • Family history of autoimmune disease

    • Gender (more common in women)

    • Age (most often between 30–50)

    • Other autoimmune conditions

    • Smoking

    • Stress or recent illness

  • Because the thyroid affects many body systems, Graves’ disease can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:

    • Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

    • Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite

    • Nervousness, anxiety, or irritability

    • Heat intolerance and excessive sweating

    • Tremors, especially in the hands

    • Fatigue or muscle weakness

    • Difficulty sleeping

    • Frequent bowel movements

    • Menstrual irregularities

    • Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

    • Bulging eyes or eye discomfort (Graves’ ophthalmopathy)

    • Skin thickening on the shins or tops of the feet (rare)

    Symptoms can vary in severity and may develop gradually or suddenly.

  • Graves’ disease is a manageable condition, and our practice provides expert care tailored to each individual’s needs. Treatment options include:

    • Antithyroid Medications: Medications such as methimazole reduce thyroid hormone production and are often the first line of treatment.

    • Radioactive Iodine Therapy: This treatment involves taking a small dose of radioactive iodine, which gradually shrinks the overactive thyroid tissue.

    • Thyroid Surgery: Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be recommended in certain cases, particularly if medications and radioactive iodine are not suitable.

    • Beta Blockers: These medications do not treat the overproduction of hormones but can relieve symptoms such as rapid heart rate, tremors, and anxiety.

    • Eye Care for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: For patients experiencing eye symptoms, we offer treatment in coordination with eye specialists to manage inflammation and discomfort.

    • Ongoing Monitoring: Since treatment can lead to changes in thyroid function (including hypothyroidism), we provide regular follow-up and testing to maintain proper hormone levels.

Comprehensive Thyroid Care You Can Trust

At North Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology, we understand the challenges that come with managing Graves’ disease. Our endocrinology specialists are here to guide you with personalized treatment, advanced diagnostics, and ongoing support for your long-term health and well-being.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of Graves’ disease or have a recent diagnosis, schedule a consultation today and take the next step toward balanced, effective care.